Meet the Faculty

Contact

Dr. Linda Abarbanell
Department of Psychology
SDSU Imperial Valley

Office: Faculty Offices East Room 137, Calexico
p. 760-768-5678
[email protected] 

Dr. Abarbanell with studentsOne of my favorite parts of being a professor at SDSU is mentoring students on research. I view my mentees as potential future colleagues. My goal is to provide appropriate training and guidance, while encouraging students to explore new ideas and take risks. I try to convey both the creativity and rigor of the research process so that students can come to see themselves as capable of producing and not just consuming knowledge. The Faculty-Student Mentoring Program provides a wonderful platform for achieving these goals, and I am excited and honored to be a part of it. Students engaged in research develop critical thinking skills that are important for graduate school and that will assist them in whatever career they choose.

I am a cross-cultural, cognitive psychologist with a broad interest in how language and culture shape human behavior and cognition. In my Cognition and Culture Lab, I have several projects that students can join. In one line of studies, we look at how living near the US-Mexico border shapes people’s causal beliefs about illness, their healthcare practices, and treatment choices. In one project, my students and I are interviewing people living with cancer in the Imperial Valley. We have started a binational research collaboration and exchange with the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), School of Medicine, and are recruiting participants in Mexicali as well. We are also adapting our research protocols to work with HIV/AIDS, which is an important concern among migrants in this region.

I also work with a Mayan community in Chiapas, Mexico. I have taken SDSU-IV students there in the past, where they have assisted with studies on spatial language and cognition. I recently received a 3-year grant to look at the effect of formal education on science and religion narratives in this context, and will be looking for highly motivated students to assist with piloting measures for this project.

Students who join my research group are expected to attend weekly lab meetings where we discuss general research methods as well as specific issues related to our ongoing projects. Students are expected to take an active role at these meetings by being prepared, asking questions, presenting their work, and sharing ideas. Students must be able to commit enough time outside of these meetings to complete assigned readings and tasks, and are required to complete the CITI training on ethics in research. It is helpful, but not required, if students are bilingual in Spanish and English and are able to participate in the cross-border exchange.

I try to be flexible and respectful of students’ time and goals. At the same time, what you get out of a research experience depends on the time, effort, and initiative that you put in. Students can earn course credit for their work through special study or as a senior project or thesis, and are encouraged to present at student and professional conferences. My students have presented their work at the Student Research Symposium at SDSU, the Annual Meeting of the Western Psychological Association, the Society for the Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science, and the Society for Applied Anthropology. I also encourage and mentor students on applying to graduate school.

Contact

Dr. Kaveh Abhari
Fowler School of Business

Office: SSE-3200
Mail Code: 8221
p. 619-594-0746
[email protected] 

Photo of Dr. Kaveh AbhariI am committed to helping students develop capacities, competencies, and confidence to take responsible action in their personal and professional life and stand out in their community as a change catalyst. Five guiding principles enabling me to achieve this goal: first, I emphasize ‘learning how to learn’ is more important than learning only what is currently known. Second, in-depth learning is facilitated by maintaining connections between different concepts, ideas, people, and real-world applications. Thus, I help students systematically find and critically elaborate these connections without limiting their creativity with my direct instruction. Third, knowledge rests in diversity of opinions, cannot be taken for granted, and is acquired in authentic and diverse environments. Fourth, students need experiential problem-solving opportunities beyond the classroom boundaries to learn effectively in our everchanging society. And lastly, students’ learning autonomy is central to today’s education, and it is my responsibility to help them choose wisely what, how, where, when, and from whom to learn

Click here to apply to Dr. Kaveh Abhari's F-SMP Lab

My Research Labs:
Digital Innovation Lab: https://innovation.sdsu.edu/
STEMD² Group: http://stemd2.org

 

Contact

Dr. Bruce Appleyard
School of Public Affairs

Office:AH 4124
Mail Code: 4505
p. 619-594-1180
f. 619-594-6224
[email protected] 

Dr. AppleyardDr. Appleyard is an Associate Professor of City Planning/Urban Design at San Diego State University (SDSU), where he helps people and agencies make more informed decisions about how we live, work and thrive. He is humanist/futurist working at the intersection of transportation, urban design, and behavioral economics. Dr. Appleyard is one of the lead authors of the American Planning Association’s textbook on The Transportation/Land Use Connection, as well as TRB’s new Handbook for Building Livable Transit Corridors and Livability Calculator. He is also an Associate Director of SDSU’s Center for the Study of Human Dynamics in our Mobile Age and Active Transportation Research Center. Dr. Appleyard combines Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and data with a variety of visualization tools and methods to better engage members of the public in scenario planning, pedestrian and bicycle planning and design, and regional/local transportation & land use governance and policy integration. For the past three years, he has led his team of student researchers in support of SDSU’s Climate Action Plans by conducting comprehensive surveys of campus commute patterns, calculating annual carbon footprints, and developing policy options. He has also recently developed this online Smart Growth/Livability Calculator to help the people of California. He was a recipient of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Top Ten Living Heroes Awards. He is also a member of the Mineta Transportation Institute’s (MTI) research team. Dr. Appleyard holds a Doctorate (as well as a Masters and Bachelors) from the University of California, in the town of Berkeley where he grew up.

I am a City Planning/Public Administration professor who serves as a faculty mentor for this program in the School of Public Affairs, with an emphasis on urban sustainability, livability, & equity.  The Faculty Student Mentorship Program FSMP provides guidance and counseling for students preparing for graduate programs and/or seeking research experience.  The mentoring program focuses on developing skills and obtaining experience that will make you a competitive applicant for graduate programs.

Why join my research lab-
The experiences gained by participating in the research process (critical thinking, problem solving, teamwork, written and oral communication skills) are valuable for any career.  Students who plan on pursuing advanced degrees are much more successful applicants if they have research experience as undergraduates. Research experience also benefits students pursuing careers in government or at other research agencies. You can also get course credit for conducting research, in the form of PA 499.

The main goal of my research is to help people and agencies make more informed decisions about how we live, work and thrive, and I consider my work merges  humanist/futurist approaches at the intersection of transportation, urban design, and behavioral economics. I have some very exciting research projects going on, from s research projects, from the SDSU Travel Survey to our New Smart Growth/Livability Calculator, with a new initiative to develop a Social Equity Calculator. I am also highly involved in the research related to future disruptive transportation options, and laying a path for the future of street and community livability in the future of autonomous vehicles and mobilities. See this article.

What will you research?
I believe in allowing students, like yourself, pick areas of my research agenda that match your interests.  Here are a few topic areas you will be allowed to choose from for 2018-2019:

  • Sustainable Transportation and the future of travel.
    • Fighting climate change
      • This includes analyzing data from the SDSU Travel Survey and helping shape the policies and actions within the SDSU Climate Action Plan
    • Improving street safety and livability
      • This includes analyzing  and designing better streets and street networks.
    • Researching the future of travel
  • Improving the sustainability, livability, and equity of urban environments through geo-spatial analysis of urban quality. This includes a major focus on housing and social equity. For more information see: Webinar on Livable Transit Corridors
  • Creating useful new tools to help people and public agencies make better decisions about how urban areas grow and evolve.
    • For an example, see: Smart Growth/Livability Calculator

How Do I Get Involved?
We will be able to accept a small number of bright, motivated students who want to participate in this program for the 2018 - 2019 academic year. Students involved in our program should expect to commit 10-15 hours per week to research activities, meeting every other week (TBD, but likely Thursday, 10:30 to 12:30), and participating in a seminar focused on preparing students for applying to graduate programs.

Contact

Dr. Joaquin Camacho

College of Engineering

Office:E-323-D

p.619-594-6076

[email protected]

summer lab camacho

Prof. Camacho is a tenured professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at San Diego State. His research and teaching focuses on thermofluids, materials and manufacturing. One of his major career objectives is to work with underrepresented communities to increase awareness for graduate school opportunities and to expand the pipeline for the next-generation of STEM faculty. To this end, Prof. Camacho is active in outreach events hosted by several student and professional events throughout Southern California. Recent events include a keynote address at the UCSD Undergraduate Research Conference and on-going activities to support the SDSU Mathematics Engineering Science Achievement (MESA) program.

The Faculty-Student Mentorship Program (FSMP) is designed to extend additional opportunities to students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Prof. Camacho himself shares a similar background with students in FSMP. Mentorship through this program is an ideal way for Prof. Camacho to introduce up-and-coming engineers to research and the academic pathway. The goal of Prof. Camacho is to leverage his experiences as a first-generation college student who earned his Bachelors degree only after transferring to university from community college. Mentorship and exposure to research opportunities under Prof. Camacho can provide an impactful experience to FSMP students and hopefully motivate students toward pursuing graduate school and even potential faculty careers.

camachofox

Contact

Dr. Rulon Clark
Department of Biology

Office: LSN-224
Mail Code: 4614
p. 619-594-1527
f. 619-594-5676
[email protected]

Website

Rulon ClardMy primary role as a faculty mentor is to show students that a career as a research scientist is exciting and enjoyable. There are incredible opportunities for research in the life sciences, but many undergraduates are often intimidated by the prospect of conducting research. However, once students are exposed to the research process, they often realize that not only can they actually begin undertaking scientific investigation, but also that doing so is a very rewarding endeavor. In addition to getting students excited about a career as a scientist, research experience helps students begin the transition from being a knowledge consumer to a knowledge producer. Students who plan on a career in scientific research will usually pursue graduate degrees. As graduate students, they will need to be able to work independently, developing their own hypotheses, designing their own experiments, and thinking critically about scientific literature. This is a very challenging transition. Research experience outside of regular coursework will not only help students develop as independent thinkers more rapidly, but will also aid them greatly when applying to graduate school. Most professors only accept graduate students that have already demonstrated a capacity for independent research as undergraduates. However, the benefits of participating in independent research as an undergraduate extend beyond those students in an academic career track. The skills learned while performing research, including critical thinking, problem solving, teamwork, and written and oral communication skills, are indispensible to any career.

My laboratory studies animal behavior, and how the behavior of individuals affects population processes and community dynamics. We are currently initiating a wide range of research projects, including studies of predator-prey interactions, social behavior, mating behavior, conservation ecology, and molecular ecology. We use a combination of field and laboratory studies. We work on a diverse array of species, but the majority of our work is conducted with reptiles and amphibians. Almost all of our projects involve observational and experimental approaches, and often require a fairly large team of researchers to monitor and record the behavior of both free-living animals, and animals that are part of our captive research collection.

Many of our projects involve multiple goals or questions, each of which may be a small contribution in itself, but which plays a critical role in illustrating a bigger picture. This means that well-trained undergraduate students often have the opportunity to take on a part of our research program as their own, becoming the primary individual responsible for that component of the program. This style of research (with many small independent projects working in a larger system of objectives) is ideal for students becoming involved in research for the first time: they get to experience truly independent thinking, analysis, and ownership of their project, but under the guidance of mentors who can help them fit that research into a broader scope and context. I anticipate that those students who display a deep commitment to their work will be able to present the results of their research at national meetings, and become authors of scientific manuscripts that incorporate the results of their independent research.

Undergraduate students involved in our program should expect to commit 10-15 hours per week to research activities, including participation in our weekly lab meetings, and participation in a weekly research seminar focused on introducing beginning students to the basic practices of animal behavior research. Students will also need to complete basic training for working with live animals, and will be expected to devote some nights and weekends to field research in and around San Diego County. Beginning students will gain research experience by working on research projects already underway, overseen by myself, my graduate students, and advanced undergraduates. Students who demonstrate adequate progress through the program will be able to then undertake their own independent research projects.

Protégés

Student: Geoffrey Ramirez
Title: Chemosensory prey preferences in rosy boas, Lichanura trivirgata
Summary: Many snakes rely extensively on chemosensory information to identify and locate their prey. The degree to which snakes respond to chemosensory cues derived from their prey is often used as a measure of predatory specialization. Evidence from previous studies suggest that Eryicine boas native to North America (the rubber boa and the rosy boa) specialize on preying upon the nestlings of small rodents (mice, voles, rats, and rabbits). Our goal in this project is to examine the chemosensory behaviors of captive-raised rosy boas to determine whether they exhibit strong responses to chemosensory cues from nestling rodents, as opposed to adult rodents that have no nestlings. To accomplish this goal, we examine the responses of rosy boas to clean nesting material, nesting material soiled by rodents with no dependent young, and nesting material from mothers that are currently rearing litters of dependent offspring.

Student: Brittany Sabga
Title: Examining Individual Handedness in Captive Siamangs (Hylobatidae syndactylus)
Summary: Recent research examining handedness in nonhuman primates has revealed that hand preference exists at both the population and individual levels, dispelling the historical belief that handedness is a uniquely human trait. Expanding our understanding of manual lateralization in nonhuman primates will provide insight into the laterality of function in the human brain. In the past three decades, research into this topic has greatly increased in three main primate species, the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) and the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Recent research has not revealed a unilateral preference across populations and has failed to reach a consensus on the presence of handedness in these species. Additional research into manual lateralization in a range of nonhuman primate species is necessary to reach a firm conclusion on handedness in nonhuman primates as a whole. Many gibbon species are known to walk bipedally both in captivity and in the wild, which makes them excellent candidates for handedness studies. The present study examines hand preference in 3 captive siamangs at the San Diego Zoo. This study seeks to determine if this population exhibits a significant hand preference across four behaviors, 1) spontaneous feeding, 2) grooming of self and others, 3) brachiation initiation, and 4) the primary hanging hand.

Student: Sierra Stephens
Title: The genetic diversity of an isolated population of timber rattlesnakes, Crotalus horridus
Summary: Genetic diversity is essential to the long-term survival of populations. Populations that are isolated, with no genetic connectivity or dispersal of individuals from nearby populations, can rapidly lose genetic variation through genetic drift and inbreeding. Inbreeding depression is exacerbated in many populations by the increasing rate of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. Therefore, measuring the extent of inbreeding depression and genetic variation should be of primary concern for isolated populations. Timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) are medium-sized pitvipers inhabiting the deciduous forests of eastern North America that were formerly abundant and widespread throughout the eastern United States, with a range that extended northward into Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Within the last century, timber rattlesnake populations have undergone widespread declines and range contraction; the species has been extirpated from Maine, and only one known hibernaculum exists in New Hampshire. The remaining New Hampshire population is isolated from any other known population by ~50 miles, well beyond the range over which individuals could emigrate. In this study, we use selectively neutral microsatellite markers to examine the genetic diversity of the only remaining hibernacula of timber rattlesnakes in New Hampshire. We compare the genetic diversity of the New Hampshire hibernaculum to six hibernacula found in northern Adirondack area of New York, which are connected to each other by relatively intact habitat.

Contact

Dr. Vivian Huangfu

Fowler College of Business

Office: SSE-3202

Mail Code: 8221

619-594-1347
619-594-1347
[email protected]

vivian huangfu headshot
 
AI4Business Lab

Dr. Huangfu is the director for AI4Business Lab for several years and mentored over 60 both undergraduate and graduate students, delivering many publications. From her experience working with students, she appreciates the significant contributions students can make to research projects due to their genuine curiosity and eagerness for research experience. It might be worth noting that AI4Business Lab have collaborators come from esteemed institutions worldwide (e.g., USA, Europe, United Kingdom), including the University of California, Berkeley, Indiana University, University of Arizona, University of Michigan, University of Pecs. The lab’s research momentum receives strong backing from distinguished sources like the National Science of Foundation (NSF), Department of Energy (DOE), National Security Agency (NSA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Shodor Education Foundation, and Division of Research and Innovation (DRI), among others. Noteworthy is the lab’s commitment to nurturing outstanding students, recognized through scholarships, fellowships, and stipends, including SDSU Master Scholarship, Wiley Scholarship, Karen Wilcken Memorial Scholarship, Weber Honors Research Fellowship, and Liao-Huangfu “Light-House” AI4Business Lab Scholarship, because of the great research work that they conducted. 

Training

The hands-on research experience will benefit students in various areas, such as gaining new skills, critical thinking, and career development. Therefore, all the students recruited through this program are expected to work in a team to conduct original research related to AI/ML. Research topics include, but are not limited to, face recognition, automatic pavement distress detection, sentiment analysis of online discussions on public health concerns or mental health, large language models, and computer vision. Students are encouraged to come up with research ideas that pique their interest. Experience working with students strongly suggests that they are much more likely to stay motivated and complete the project if they propose the research topics themselves. Of course, our AI4Business Lab will also provide the options of projects that are going on and students can join the project as team members if they feel more comfortable. The advantage of AI/ML research is that it can be applied to diverse topics and research domains. In the processing of developing research ideas, students will be provided with training in literature review to evaluate the state-of-the-art approaches and identify knowledge gaps where they can propose new solutions. Throughout the research process, students will receive guidance on systematic thinking of the research process, including data collection, preprocessing, data analysis, and summarizing findings. Students will be trained to learn programming techniques to undertake various tasks, including web crawling, model building, model training, and performance evaluation. During the process, students will be enrolled in GENS400 or GENS200 or equivalent courses to earn class credits. Presently equipped with Nvidia 6000 Ada GPUs (i.e., a very updated GPU version as first released in December 2022), AI4Business Lab’s computational resources will facilitate students’ work.

Outcome

For students work hard on the projects, there are usually good outcome for their career and future, below are three cases for demonstration.

Case 1:

Being a mentor for the San Diego State University 2021 Emergency Spring Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities (RSCA), Dr. Huangfu mentored two undergraduate students on a study regarding pavement distress recognition, one of whom as a disabled veteran is from underrepresented communities. They held research meetings once or twice each week to discuss research progress, and he contributed to the project significantly, eventually co-authoring a paper accepted by International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP) in 2022 and finally officially published in 2023. This is the first paper published for the underrepresented undergraduate student. 

Case 2:

Serving as a mentor for Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) in 2021, Dr. Huangfu mentored an SDSU undergraduate to study the relationships between various factors and COVID-19 transmission. They proposed a research framework for a comprehensive understanding of disease transmission via representative variable exploration, featuring four different categories of variables, including human behavior, economic variables, air pollutant variables, and weather variables. This project examined how diverse variables contributed to disease transmission and might help better predict the effects of public health measures. The student fully participated in the whole process of a research project from conceiving the idea, collecting data, analyzing the data, and writing a manuscript. This study was published by the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) 2021, which is one of the leading conferences for IS/IT research, with Top 25% paper award. This is the first paper published for the undergraduate student. It might also be worth noting that this student has been accepted by Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), University of California, Berkeley (UCB), University of California, Irvine (UCI), and so on. Eventually, the student has decided to pursue the master’s degree at CMU, starting Fall 2023 semester. And because the student has published a paper with Top 25% paper award, the master program offers 70% scholarship. The student just needs to pay about $25,000 for the CMU master program and saved about $55,000 because of the research work he did previously in the AI4Business Lab. 

Case 3:

Dr. Huangfu has mentored an MSIS track underrepresented student to conduct research. To support this underrepresented graduate student, Dr. Huangfu helped her apply for and win a research scholarship for master students. Under Dr. Huangfu’s guidance, she undertook a research project leveraging text mining to monitor the public's conceptions of COVID-19 vaccines. In this study, they aimed to explore the overall sentiments and topics about COVID-19 vaccines, as well as how such sentiments and main concerns evolve. Not only did she learn various technical skills, including text mining skills, but she also made substantial contribution to the manuscript. This study co-authored by her has been published by the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) 2022, which is a top-tier journal, ranking # 1 under the category of "Medical Informatics/Health & Medical Sciences" with an impact factor of 7.08. Until now, this paper has been cited by 39 times, within two years. 

 

Contact 

jesshumphreyfsmp

Prof. Jess Humphrey, Associate Professor Of Dance

Location: MU-211

[email protected]

About EmbodiLab

In EmbodiLab, student protégés work closely with Associate Professor of Dance, Jess Humphrey to develop skills in the application of somatic and contemplative techniques to collaborative performance-making with a focus on the relationship between artistic performance, mental health, healing, and human development using methods from Practice-as-Research in the arts. Students selected for the program get the opportunity to:

 

Care, Collaborate, Create, Communicate

  • Gain research experience in embodied and performing arts
  • Become more familiar with experimental approaches to embodied art and performance-making through the practice of contact improvisation
  • Identify and implement basic health-promoting practices that support your body-mind in your artistic work
  • Track the healing possibilities in the process of preparing for and staying present throughout the creative process and during performance
  • Learn techniques for deepening self and relational awareness in and through the group meditations, flow states, and creative process including those used in Portal, a binational dance collaboration directed by Jess
  • Collaborate with art students who are serious about their training but still know how to play within the creative process
  • Learn Robin Nelson's model for Practice-as-Research in the arts
  • Develop intentional relationships with social media platforms to share the riches of the creative process
  • Perform/present works-in-progress alongside SDSU faculty, alumni, and local professionals in The Undone Show at the end of the Fall semester
  • Create presentations for SDSU's S3 Student Symposium
  • Prepare for graduate education in any subject
  • Build your graduate school application or résumé
  • Get three elective credit hours toward graduation per semester (highly recommended)

Students work with Jess by both attending weekly practice sessions in the studio (EmbodiLab, which may include artists from the larger San Diego Community), working independently, and meeting with her in office hours as needed.

Apply here to be a part of EmbodiLab. You must notify Jess that you have completed this application by emailing her at [email protected].

 

Recent EmbodiLab highlights

Protégés danced in Because You Move Me, one of 33 dances in the US selected to perform in the American College Dance Festival’s national conference. 

https://vimeo.com/863016151?share=copy

Protégés Alyssa Moreno and Chasley Schoettle were featured research assistants in the Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP).   

https://youtu.be/zK4XR0M6GP8?si=Sr9HQGUCY6_qxrmP


About Associate Professor Jess Humphrey (MFA, CLMA, RSMT)

Jess makes dances to leverage the profound healing potential of human beings moving together, attending to space, time, and bodies, and deepening their relationships with each other and the world through the tenderness and vulnerability elicited by the creative process. Her movement research began in childhood with competitive gymnastics and continues today with dancemaking from various, shifting perspectives and states of body-mind. Her dances are expressions of her engagement in contemplative and somatic practices, Integral Theory, and reverence for those within whose lineages she moves. 

She has an MFA in Modern Dance with a focus on contact improvisation and creative process from the University of Utah and a BFA in Dance from California State University, Long Beach. An intensive study with Deborah Hay in 2009 changed her life and continues to inspire her every move.

Jess has shared in the creation of several evening-length dances as director, collaborator, and/or performer over the past eighteen years with other artists including Deborah Hay, Gabor Tompa, Sara Shelton Mann, and Guillermo Gomez-Pena’s La Pocha Nostra. Her collaboration with Eric Geiger (UCSD) spans 12 years and multiple contexts. Over a decade of practicing and performing spontaneous dancemaking with LIVE (Kris Apple, Emily Aust, Liam Clancy, Anya Cloud, Viktor De La Fuente, Ron Estes, Chloë Freeman, Eric Geiger, Zack King, Verónica Santiago Moniello, Justin Morrison, Blair Robert Nelson, Krista Kaye Nelson, Nhu Nguyen, Mary Peterson [previously Mary Reich], Karen Schaffman, Leslie Seiters, Yolande Snaith, and Aubrhe Yruretagoyena) continues to shape her work, and she remains engaged in ensemble practice in ways that are still very much aLIVE

She completed the Integrated Movement Studies (IMS℠) program and was certified as a Laban/Bartenieff Movement Analyst (CLMA) by Peggy Hackney and Janice Meaden in 2006 and is a Registered Somatic Movement Educator (RSME) with ISMETA (International Somatic Movement Education & Therapy Association). She is engaged in The School for Body-Mind Centering®’s SME (Somatic Movement Educator) program with primary teachers Amy Matthews and Mary Lou Seereiter at Moving Within in Lorane, Oregon and in 2002, she was certified in Pilates with Karen Clippinger and Rael Isacowitz (Body Arts and Sciences, International) and has taught in dance, physical therapy, and fitness settings throughout the US. She also a certified Integral Facilitator through Ten Directions with primary teacher, Diane Musho Hamilton.


Jess continues to learn by teaching contact improvisation, dancemaking, somatics and embodied anatomy in her role as Associate Professor in the Dance Program at San Diego State University where her research includes directing a binational cast with over 50 years of collaboration among them in Portal, a spacetime for transborder dance experiments centered in contemplative and somatic practices in San Diego and Tijuana and working with the Prison Arts Collective to bring arts education to incarcerated participants

www.jesshumphrey.com

embodi

Contact

Dr. Gustaaf Jacobs
Department of Aerospace Engineering

Office: ENG-306
Mail Code: 1308
p. 619-594-4046
f. 619-594-6074
[email protected]

Gustaff JacobsDuring my tenure at San Diego State University I have mentored numerous students ranging from high school to undergraduate, Masters, and Ph.D. students. It is my privilege to have been involved in a number of mentoring and training programs. The most prominent being a NASA sponsored Undergraduate Mentoring Program in collaboration with MESA (the Mathematics Engineering and Science Achievement program) and the industry sponsored Center for Industrial Training and Engineering Research (citer.sdsu.edu) which I currently direct.

These programs have formed my mentoring philosophy that revolves a mentoring pipeline that prepares to enter the STEM workforce. I recruit students at an early stage (high-school/undergraduate level) and expose them to projects that range from industry funded work to fundamental academic research in the areas of hypersonic flow, turbomachinery, and computational science. Project work teaches students essential engineering tools. The mentoring pipeline enhances communication skills and leadership through cross-pollination and mentorship between students, myself and industrial staff members.

As the first college graduate in my family, I have a deep appreciation for the contributions that quality education and mentoring have had in my professional development. Without the training and advice of kind teachers and devoted mentors, I would not have been able to identify opportunities and make the choices that have helped me become a Professor of Aerospace Engineering. I am excited to pass the lessons I have learned on. The large student body of Hispanic students, many of whom are the first college graduates in their families and the Faculty Student Mentoring Program is a perfect match. I look forward to working with STEM students from underrepresented groups who are eager to make a difference and help them advance their careers.

 

 

Irene Lara with student

Dr. Irene Lara
pronouns: She/Her/Hers
Department of Women's Studies
[email protected]
Zoom Office Hours: https://SDSU.zoom.us/j/97015079069 

 

Dear Students,

I am Dr. Irene Lara, a professor in the Department of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies who earned my PhD in Ethnic Studies from UC Berkeley. My work largely engages decolonial feminism, curandera praxis, and Anzaldúan and other women of color theory to write and teach about Chicana/x/e and Latina/x/e spirituality, sexuality, healing, pedagogy, and cultural productions. I am recruiting junior and senior students to apply for my Faculty-Student Mentoring Program seminar for Fall 2024 and Spring 2025. You can earn 3 units of credit each semester by enrolling in WMNS499 or WMNST597, which would count toward your graduation requirements. I hope you consider the invitation!

This once a week seminar will meet on Tuesdays from 1 pm to 3:30 pm at the Women's Resource Center. It is focused on developing our scholarly, activist, and healing capacities aligned with the goals of social and healing justice and creating knowledge for/with our communities that emerged from the feminist/womanist, racial justice, sexual and gender justice, and decolonial struggles of the 60s. The Third World Liberation Front's strike and other similar and ongoing movements have demanded that the university create spaces for studying the legitimate knowledge and ways of knowing of historically racially marginalized groups, as well as for engaging and creating knowledge that would serve these groups, including Black, Native, Asian-American, Arab-American, and Chicana/o/x/e and Latina/o/x/e communities.

Titled "Curandera/xScholarActivism In and Beyond the University," in this small (9 student max) seminar I largely draw from Chicana/Latina/Indigenous feminist studies to teach students two key methodologies for creating knowledge that meaningfully connects you to "home" (be it La Tierra/Earth, your dynamic identity/ies, culture, family, neighborhood AND/OR "home" as your own body–or as I like to emphasize–your whole holistic self, your "bodymindspirit"). One methodology is autoethnography (aka autohistoria-teoría) or the creation of what Chicana writer Cherríe Moraga calls "theory from the flesh" of your own reflected upon experiences as informed by scholarship. In addition to cultivating your "sentipensante" (feeling~thinking) speaking, listening, and writing skills through such personal narratives, you will learn the "plática methodology" of sacred storytelling and listening in small "healing circle" groups.  

Alongside learning how to design, conduct, and present this community engaged research, we will form a femtoring (feminist mentoring) peer support group. Not only will you cultivate your capacity to be a scholar-activist, you will will learn how to critically integrate the praxis of personal and community healing as a method of social justice through self-reflective "inner work" of writing, storytelling, listening, and other contemplative and creative acts, as well as the study of indigenous knowledge and spiritual epistemologies as symbolized by the *"curandera/o/x/e" (holistic healer).

"Curandera/o/e/x Scholar Activism" [CSA] is for students who:

1. are interested in learning more about Chicana/Latina/Indigenous/Black/Women of Color feminist approaches to community engaged scholarship focused on the San Diego Borderlands Latina/o/x/e community

2. want to develop skills helpful for applying to and succeeding in graduate school

3. are curious about Curandera/xScholarActivism approaches to feminism, which equally values our capacity to be scholars and activists, as well as take a holistic healing approach in our work and lives (as symbolized by the "curandera" in the title)

4. desire to critically and compassionately learn about ourselves, each other, and the world, as well as learn about and practice indigenous knowledge and values (such as responsibility, reciprocity, respect, and relationality)

5. want to collaborate with local activists and community organizations (such as, California Latinas for Reproductive Justice, Centro Cultural de la Raza in Balboa Park, & Casa Familiar/The Front in San Ysidro)

6. are open to holistic “bodymindspirit” and "sentipensante" (feeling while you think and thinking while you feel) approaches to learning and teaching, including by practicing contemplative practices, such as breathing exercises, writing, speaking, listening, drawing, crafting, meditating, building sacred spaces, taking conocimiento walks...

7. are committed to developing embodied, intellectual, emotional, & spiritual conocimientos–what Gloria Anzaldúa defines as critical awareness and knowledge, including intuitive knowledge, and that "aspect of consciousness urging you to act on the knowledge gained"– via integrating self-reflective “inner work” with public “outer work”

8. want to co-create and remember familial, cultural, and community knowledge, as well as learn to write, conduct, and share research in ways that further social justice, healing, and critical consciousness

The Curandera/xScholarActivism seminar or "talking círculo" runs similar to an upperdivision or grad course in that we meet about once a week and have some reading and writing assignments. It is a small intimate seminar that integrates attention to our whole "bodymindspirits," community building, and feminist mentorship across peers. We also participate in relevant workshops, guest speaker events, a "field trip" to Border Field State Park, and the opportunity to present at local symposiums as well as national conferences if there is a commitment to participate for the whole year or longer.

I encourage students to take it as a special study in the fall (WMNST499) and research class in the spring (WMNST597), in order to earn units and build your scholarship and "Curandera/xScholarActivism" toolbox helpful for applying and preparing for graduate school and beyond. However, you do not have to take it for units if you can not fully commit to all of the assignments/activities.

For more information about me, my scholarship, and my pedagogy, see my department webpage: https://womensstudies.sdsu.edu/people/lara
Please reach out with your thoughts and questions and we can schedule a meeting in person or over zoom.

best wishes,

Irene, Dra. Lara, Professor Lara

[email protected]

*Please Note: Curanderas, Curanderos, and Curanderes/xs are holistic healers committed to personal and community wellbeing and a healing praxis grounded in Indigenous and African worldviews of Abya Yala, what we know call "las Américas." Our class does not cultivate a curandera/o/x identity so much as the ability to think, act, and be in the world through the lens of curanderismo's values focused on reciprocity, responsibility, and relationality (the praxis of the spiritual philosophy that "we are related to all that lives").  Indeed, within an Indigenous framework, "curanderas" are not self-named but only deemed such by their communities after decades of apprenticeship and practice. Our class DOES cultivate knowledge about curanderismo and our capacity to bring a decolonial healing approach to our "bodymindspirits," as well as to our learning, teaching, creation of knowledge, activism, and being.


Contact

Dr. Changqi Liu
School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences
Office: ENS-308
Mail Code: 7251
p. 619-594-7753
[email protected]

 

ChangQiLui PhotoMentoring students and witnessing their growth is one of the most fulfilling aspects of my professional career. Since joining SDSU in 2016, I have had the opportunity to mentor over 80 undergraduate students in research. My approach to mentoring is focused on providing a comprehensive training experience that encompasses experimental design, laboratory techniques, data analysis, technical writing, and presentation. As a result of this training, ten undergraduate students have presented their work at the SDSU Student Research Symposium between 2017-2023, while six have presented at professional conferences. I am particularly proud of the achievements of my mentees, with one winning the Provost's Award and another winning the Sustainability Award at the Student Research Symposium. Two of them were selected as Outstanding Undergraduate Student of the School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences. Furthermore, under my guidance, six undergraduate students have co-authored four papers that have been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.


At present, I am working with a team of students to characterize the nutritional compositions and flavor profiles of sustainable food sources, such as native plants, algae, fungi, and edible insects. To promote independent thinking and motivate the students, I encourage them to choose a species of their interest and pursue their own research ideas. Although each student works on an individual project, they collaborate as a group to analyze specific parameters of their samples (e.g., protein content), which helps to enhance their research efficiency and develop their teamwork skills. Moreover, I strive to foster an enjoyable research environment where students feel comfortable asking questions and sharing their ideas. I take great pleasure in working with my mentees and seeing the exciting work they are undertaking.

Contact

Dr. Enrico Marcelli
Department of Sociology

Office: NH-219
Mail Code: 4423
p. 619-594-5459
f. 619-594-1325
[email protected]

Aug. 09 New York Times Article

Enrico MarcelliMy main goal as a faculty mentor is to show students that learning how to collect and analyze quantitative data using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach is important for improving the well-being of vulnerable communities in the United States and can provide the skills necessary for having an interesting and well-paid career. There are many enjoyable and lucrative opportunities available to students who acquire the ability to design and implement representative surveys, and who learn how to analyze statistical data. Indeed, as a recent New York Times article (Lohr, August 6th, 2009) notes, first-year annual earnings for those who understand and can manipulate data can reach as high as $125,000! These opportunities include but are not limited to working in academia as a professor; being a researcher for a state or federal government, for a think tank, for community-based organization, or for an international organization such as the International Labor Organization, World Bank or United Nations; or working as an analyst for a more traditional for-profit company such as Google. Yet my experience teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in economics, public health, public policy and sociology during the past decade in California and Massachusetts suggests that many students who care about the communities in which they live or other social problems are either unaware of how powerful mastering the ability to collect and analyze statistical data can be for swaying decision makers, or don’t think that learning to do so can improve the conditions and lives of others. Other students simply, but unfortunately, think that they cannot possibly learn how to employ quantitative data and techniques to support important community-based work. I am convinced; however, that once students – some of whom have never taken statistics or a computer programming course – are given the opportunity to work together and with a community they care about to design and implement a survey, and to systematically test various explanations for a problem of interest to them; initial fear, insecurity and skepticism fades. Students see the truth of what the late great Harvard economist, John Kenneth Galbraith, once argued – “societies never really become effectively concerned with social problems until they learn to measure them.”

Acquiring the skills needed to help produce information that will capture the attention of policymakers regarding a pressing social problem and potentially improving the lives of others is one thing. But those who study higher education (e.g., Kuh et al. 2005) have long known that sustained student-faculty contact, cooperation among students, active learning, and high expectations (as well as prompt feedback, time on task, and respect for diverse talents and ways of learning) – those things students will experience if they join the mentoring opportunity I will offer – are crucial for another reason – personal growth and long-term success. Having a year-long undergraduate research experience that emphasizes a statistical CBPR approach improves a student’s ability to think creatively, to entertain explanations for problems in a systematic rather than emotional manner, and thus to succeed in whatever professional career he or she selects. In short, acquiring the skills to do meaningful statistical work that may improve the lives of others does not necessarily require forfeiting enjoyable and well-compensated work.

The mentoring experience I will offer this year will teach students how to develop a survey that can capture information that is representative of some geographically circumscribed population (e.g. unauthorized migrants, homeless residents, SDSU undergraduates), and thus generate information that may be used to answer some contemporary policy issue. For instance, what factors explain whether undergraduate students ever participate in a rigorous research experience? How many unauthorized migrants reside in a metropolitan area? How does occupation, family situation, neighborhood environment and personal networks influence whether immigrants integrate successfully? How important is having health insurance and access to medical care for understanding disparities in health?

The survey and analytical projects we will undertake this year will aim to answer such questions. Some students will use data we have collected from legal and unauthorized Mexican, Brazilian and Dominican migrants in Los Angeles and Boston. Others may prefer to use new data we will collect from SDSU students to investigate factors influencing who participates in research as undergraduates.

Students who become involved in this mentoring opportunity will need to commit 10-15 hours per week during 2009-2010 academic year to research activities (including reading, participation in a bi-monthly seminar, fieldwork, data analysis, and writing). Students will also complete SDSU’s online human subjects’ training program, learn how to submit a proposed project to the Institutional Review Board (IRB) to obtain approval, and co-author an article with me to be submitted to an academic journal of our choice.

Contact

 Dr. Wendy Ochoa, Assistant Professor

Child and Family Development

Office: LH-400C

Mail Code:4502

[email protected]                                                 

ochoa research

About me: My name is Wendy Ochoa. I am an educational researcher and Assistant Professor in the Department of Child and Family Development. I earned my PhD in Education with a specialization in Human Development in Context from the University of California, Irvine. My research interests and commitment to mentoring students is deeply rooted in my upbringing and educational experiences. 

My Upbringing and Educational Experiences: I am the eldest of three siblings born to two Mexican immigrant parents who raised us in Los Angeles for most of our lives. Growing up, my parents worked hard to provide me and my siblings with the formal educational opportunities they never had access to in Mexico. We were also fortunate to live in a community that reinforced our heritage language (Spanish) and core cultural values (e.g.., family, respect, helping the community). Despite the benefits of growing up in an ethnic enclave, I often witnessed the numerous barriers my parents encountered accessing resources that would promote the wellbeing of me and my siblings. I now realize that these challenges were rooted in a system that oppresses low-income, ethnoracially minoritized communities, particularly those who do not speak English. Through a combination of my parents’ resiliency, unwavering dream of a better life for us, and hard work, I was the first in our family to graduate high school and pursue a college degree as an (Equal Opportunity Program) EOP student at California State University of Los Angeles (CSULA). My lived experience of growing up in a low-income, Spanish-speaking home and being a first-generation college student influenced my research interests and commitment to mentoring students.

Research Interests: The overarching goal of my research is to foster the wellbeing of ethnoracially minoritized families and children from low-income households, particularly those who identify as Latine. To that end, my research agenda involves two lines of interrelated inquiry that intentionally use strengths-based and culturally informed frameworks to: 1) understand how parents’ background characteristics, such as their socioeconomic status, language(s) they speak, race/ethnicity and gender, relate to their experiences raising their young children in the United States, and to 2) examine the factors that relate to the bilingual language development and classroom engagement of Dual Language Learners (DLLs). Through this research I seek to identify the barriers minoritized families encounter promoting the wellbeing of their children while also highlighting their existing parenting strengths and benefits of transmitting their heritage culture and language to their children. My strengths-based approach to conducting research with the community also informs the way I mentor students. 

Mentoring Commitment: All students possess strengths and a wealth of knowledge facilitated by their lived experiences. For me to fully understand and appreciate these complexities as a mentor, it is my responsibility to foster genuine relationships with my mentees that are based on mutual respect and trust. I try to create these genuine relationships by being responsive to their academic and emotional needs, as well as co-creating a mentoring plan with them that considers their unique needs and goals. Through these efforts I come to understand students’ goals and struggles from their point of view, as well as the wealth of valuable knowledge and lived experiences they possess. These insights allow me to provide them with better support in overcoming their challenges and to also understand their strengths and the ways they could leverage these in their professional development. As a first-generation college student who learned English as their second language and grew up in a low-income home, it was rare for me to have teachers who took the time to know me, and it was even more rare to have teachers who validated my strengths. It was the handful of mentors who took the time to know me and validate my strengths that made the difference for me. I strive to be this type of mentor for my mentees. 

Mentoring Expectations: In working with me, students can expect to learn about the research process in social science research, including how to formulate research questions and carry out a research investigation to answer the question. Students will also receive extensive training on learning how to view and conduct research/work with diverse communities through a strengths-based and culturally informed lens. This involves recognizing and reflecting on their individual biases and the role that these play on their work with diverse communities, embracing humility, and learning to understand and identify the strengths and childrearing goals of diverse communities through genuine dialogue and observations. Additionally, students should expect be involved in one or more research projects described below that will challenge them to apply the concepts they learn. These projects might be presented by students in research and/or community focused conferences, and written in peer-reviewed manuscripts, practitioner-oriented articles, and or blogs. 

La Siembra Lab current research projects:

Currently, I can provide research opportunities to up to nine undergraduate students in my research lab: 

1) The Head Start Teacher Language Project  

The purpose of this study is to explore the quality of Head Start teachers’ language in classrooms serving ethnoracially minoritized DLLs. A total of 58 teachers were video recorded in their classrooms for 30 minutes for up to six different time points over the span of two years in Boston. These data were already collected. Participation of F-SMP students would involve assisting in transcribing the videos that were recorded of teachers in their classroom, helping develop a coding manual, coding the teacher language, analyzing the quality of teacher talk quantitatively and qualitatively. 

2) It Takes a Village: Fostering Family-SDSU Partnerships for the Wellbeing of First-Generation College Students

The purpose of this project is to promote the academic and emotional wellbeing of first generation college students in San Diego. To do this, middle and high school, as well as first-generation SDSU college students and their families will be invited to participate in a series of workshops in Spanish and English that will focus on providing them with information about the college experience at SDSU, the resources available to students as SDSU, and the ways they can leverage their lived experience to navigate and succeed in college and their careers. 

3) Platicas: Promoviendo el Bienestar de las Familias Latinas

In partnership with the Encuentros leadership, a non-profit organization based in San Diego, we are designing a new community-based project called Platicas. The aim of this project is to support Latine, Spanish-speaking families with young children in San Diego foster the wellbeing of their children through a series of 10 workshops (platicas) over the course of one year. The first workshop will focus on understanding families’ goals for their children and their experiences of barriers and success meeting these goals. The remaining nine workshops will provide parents with support in raising their children by emphasizing cultural empowerment, knowledge about health, awareness about the oppressive systems that create barriers for parents to meet their parenting and childrearing goals, and resources to overcome some of the challenges they expressed encountering raising their children in the US. Currently, we have drafted most of the powerpoint presentations that will be used in the workshops and contacted several district leaders in the San Diego school system who have agreed to support us in the efforts to recruit families for this project. We are currently preparing to introduce this new project to the San Diego community in the Encuentros annual conference held at California State University, San Marcos on June 24th. We plan to launch this project in the Fall of 2023. Student participation in this project would involve helping in the development of the focus group and interview questions, brainstorming and putting together the materials that will be used during the workshops with families, assisting in interviewing and facilitating the parenting workshops, and transcribing and analyzing interview and focus group data.  

4)“Cuéntame un Cuento: Latine families’ oral storytelling and Children’s Language Development

The purpose of this project is to investigate whether Latine mothers and fathers’ oral stories relate to the bilingual language development of their young children (ages 4-6), including the child’s skills in telling stories. A total of 50 Spanish-speaking Latine families with young children will be recruited to participate in this study. Participation of families will involve asking them to tell us two stories: 1) their favorite childhood story (e.g., fables, urban legend, family story), and 2) a story that they have shared with their children. Then, children’s oral narrative skills will be assessed by asking them to tell us a story using a wordless picture book. The stories parents and children tell us will be audio recorded and transcribed. Undergraduate student participation will entail, helping us recruit families, collect data (interview children and families say), and code and analyze the data.

ochoaprofile

 

Contact

Dr. Isidro Ortiz
Department of Chicana and Chicano Studies

Office: AL-357
Mail Code:6034
p. 619-594-1256
f. 619-594-3195
[email protected]

Isidro OrtizI have been mentor in the Faculty/Student Mentoring program since 1991. However, my role as a mentor for student extends throughout my 30 year teaching career. My mentoring has been grounded in understanding of the findings of the scholarly literature on undergraduate retention and success. It also builds upon my extensive experience in research institutions as a teacher, scholar and mentor. Many of the students that I have mentored have been first-generation college students, often from disadvantaged backgrounds. Most have aspired to pursue graduate or professional study. I am very pleased that these students have been able to persist and graduate at SDSU; upon graduation many have pursued advanced study at institutions such as Harvard University, University of California, Berkeley, UCLA, USC, Columbia University, the University of Michigan, SDSU, as well as other institutions. The students’ achievements also include designation as CSU Sally Casanova Scholars and receipt of fellowships such as the California Senate Fellowship.

Although I am unable to personally interact face to face with these students as often as I would like, I am fortunate to have been able to sustain my relationships with the students via email or phone. Our relationships are characterized by respect, support, and commitment to excellence and achievement. To many of these students I am known as “Dr. O”, an appellation that was developed by some of the students in the mentoring program. Moreover, I continue to regard the students as part of my extended family.

I am grateful that during my twenty three year tenure at SDSU I have been repeatedly recognized by the university and students for my teaching and mentoring contributions. The recognitions include the SDSU Academic Senate’s “Excellence in Teaching” award, “Outstanding Faculty” award by graduates in Chicana and Chicano Studies, and faculty honree by several recipients of the SDSU “Quest for the Best” award. In 2006 I was also recognized as “Local Hero in Education” for my mentoring contributions by KPBS and Union Bank. The recognitions attest to my commitment to promoting student achievement and excellence.

My recent mentoring has focused on transfer students from local community colleges. The goals of my mentoring include: enabling the students to successfully adjust to academic life at SDSU; educating students about the nature of a research oriented university, the nature and purpose of scholarly research, the role and significance of mentoring and the paths to success in higher education institutions; facilitating the integration of students into the academic life of the university, providing opportunities for students to acquire research experiences and to access programs that will enable them to develop research skills, and experiences, as well as obtain support for research; promoting the development of the traits, habits, abilities and knowledge necessary for the pursuit of graduate study and careers as teachers and scholars in institutions of higher education; and, developing a commitment to community and university service on the part of students.

 

Contact

Dr. Park
School of Teacher Education

Office: EBA-221
Mail Code: 1153
p. 619-594-7124
f. 619-594-7828
[email protected]

Cynthia ParkCommitment to Mentoring: The Pre-College Institute, which I direct, offers ten students per year an opportunity to work collaboratively with me and selected members of my staff as our protégés or mentees in various educational research activities focused on establishing the effectiveness of educational models of professional training, or innovative teaching /learning interventions in high need public schools.

The Faculty/Student Mentoring Program housed in the Pre-College Institute aims to support, assist, and motivate each protégé in the acquisition of skills, knowledge and ways of thinking that will promote his/her individual development as a scholar and a thinker. In addition the program offers each protégé psychosocial support that is relevant to possible work, career, and professional advancement in life beyond the baccalaureate. Protégés are selected from social science fields applicable to educational research such as anthropology, psychology, sociology and public health. Aspiring protégés should have achieved junior status, be eligible for work/study financial aid, and evidence a commitment and interest in their own personal and professional growth. Native proficiency in a language other than English spoken in San Diego public schools is highly desirable. The prospective protégé must make a one-year commitment to the program.

The keystone of the program is the development of an authentic professional and personal relationship among the protégés and between each protégé and his or her mentor. The mentoring relationship is guided by this mentor’s commitment to an ethic of caring (Noddings, 1984). The Pre-College Institute (PCI) mentoring model aims to create a safe, open environment in which each protégé can both learn and try things for him- or herself within the guidelines of the selected evaluation research paradigm. The PCI model also offers protégés the opportunity to work in an apprentice role to an experienced educational researcher.

Commitment to Research: Protégés for the 2009-2010 academic year will engage in qualitative educational evaluation sponsored by a subcontract to the Mentor from UCSD and funded by the United States Department of Education.

The research seeks to establish the effectiveness of a four-stage professional development model for science teachers. The subject matter focuses on bio-engineering at the molecular level and specifically deals with transformation of DNA and the protein purification using fluorescent proteins developed by Dr. Roger Tsien’s laboratory at UCSD. Dr. Roger Tsien is this year’s Nobel Prize winner in chemistry.

Training: Protégés participate in observational trainings on campus and at UCSD. They attended weekly team meetings that are conducted on the graduate research seminar model. All protégés must maintain excellent attendance at trainings and at the weekly seminar meetings and show growth in their ability to observe instructional interaction between teachers and students and between trainers and teachers at the training sessions. During the second semester those protégés who have completed one semester of research training will be placed with science teachers in Sweetwater Schools who have participated in the professional development model.

Outcomes: Protégés are expected to produce a professional presentation and a paper at the end of their third semester with the program.